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My opinion on toroidal transformer

September 30, 2021


In recent years, the author found that many domestic power amplifiers have different levels of 50Hz noise, while imported power amplifiers can hardly hear 50Hz noise. After analyzing several power amplifiers, it is found that the imported AV power amplifiers do not use toroidal transformers, while the domestic power amplifiers basically use toroidal transformers.
The advantages and disadvantages of toroidal transformers are outstanding. The advantage is that there is no magnetic gap, the magnetic resistance is extremely small, the magnetic flux leakage is very small, the number of turns per volt is small, the copper loss is small, and the efficiency is high. The disadvantage is that the anti-magnetic saturation ability is poor, and a small DC component can cause it to work abnormally. It is best used to transform pure AC signals.
We all know that there are various electrical devices in the power grid, and these electrical devices are not purely resistive. Therefore, the waveform of the grid has been polluted, and the peak-to-peak values of the positive and negative half cycles are not absolutely symmetrical. The half-cycle current is smaller when the voltage is smaller. Therefore, DC magnetic flux will be generated in the core of the transformer, and the toroidal transformer will cause magnetic saturation on the core without gaps. When saturated, the powerful pulse wave will be diffused around the primary coil of the transformer in a magnetic field, causing the power amplifier to produce 50Hz noise. Interference is difficult to eliminate.
Therefore, the no-load or purely resistive load of the toroidal transformer, its magnetic leakage interference is indeed very small under the condition of no magnetic saturation, but due to environmental reasons, this condition can not be achieved.
The core of the E-shaped transformer is inserted into a small air gap and has a strong anti-magnetic saturation ability. It is used in the load circuit of the rectifier capacitor input type, and its magnetic radiation interference is much smaller than that of the ring cow.
Therefore, the author recommends using a large-capacity EI-shaped transformer or R-shaped transformer to transform the power amplifier.


My opinion on toroidal transformer


In recent years, the author found that many domestic power amplifiers have different levels of 50Hz noise, while imported power amplifiers can hardly hear 50Hz noise. After analyzing several power amplifiers, it is found that the imported AV power amplifiers do not use toroidal transformers, while the domestic power amplifiers basically use toroidal transformers.
The advantages and disadvantages of toroidal transformers are outstanding. The advantage is that there is no magnetic gap, the magnetic resistance is extremely small, the magnetic flux leakage is very small, the number of turns per volt is small, the copper loss is small, and the efficiency is high. The disadvantage is that the anti-magnetic saturation ability is poor, and a small DC component can cause it to work abnormally. It is best used to transform pure AC signals.
We all know that there are various electrical devices in the power grid, and these electrical devices are not purely resistive. Therefore, the waveform of the grid has been polluted, and the peak-to-peak values of the positive and negative half cycles are not absolutely symmetrical. The half-cycle current is smaller when the voltage is smaller. Therefore, DC magnetic flux will be generated in the core of the transformer, and the toroidal transformer will cause magnetic saturation on the core without gaps. When saturated, the powerful pulse wave will be diffused around the primary coil of the transformer in a magnetic field, causing the power amplifier to produce 50Hz noise. Interference is difficult to eliminate.
Therefore, the no-load or purely resistive load of the toroidal transformer, its magnetic leakage interference is indeed very small under the condition of no magnetic saturation, but due to environmental reasons, this condition can not be achieved.
The core of the E-shaped transformer is inserted into a small air gap and has a strong anti-magnetic saturation ability. It is used in the load circuit of the rectifier capacitor input type, and its magnetic radiation interference is much smaller than that of the ring cow.
Therefore, the author recommends using a large-capacity EI-shaped transformer or R-shaped transformer to transform the power amplifier.


Technical area detailed analysis of Doherty power amplifier design load traction principle (top) detailed analysis of Doherty power amplifier design how to improve efficiency (lower) voltage follower input and output error analysis lm386 power amplifier energization will produce noise causes and treatment methods analysis class d Solve the effect of power amplifier on emi

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Uncover the mystery of the original Glashütte 36 self-winding movement

Uncover the mystery of the Caliber 36 self-winding movement

The designer of this German watchmaking factory follows four principles in creating this new basic movement: speed and overall stability of the structure; maximum precision; increased uptime; and enduring beauty. As a result, a collection of Glashütte original essence of various culmination of technology, and destined to become the future of watchmaking challenge and take-off of the solid foundation of the birth of the birth.

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To "create a solid foundation for the new generation watch" concept, creating a new generation of self-winding movement --Calibre 36

Glashütte stability as a guideline

Glashütte Original has always attached great importance to the reliability and robustness of the watchmaking process. These watches "mission" extraordinary - they want to accompany the owner of a busy life, and the unspeakable defense of "Made in Germany" reputation. As a result, the development of this small, self-winding movement is highly regarded as a guarantee of continued high performance: The optimized design reduces the number of components and eliminates wear components such as the traditional stop of the winding system Pawl is bi-directional chain reduction gear replaced. The innovative bayonet mount for securing the movement in the case also offers a substantial increase in stability - a bayonet mount similar to a camera. This gives the entire structure a very high shock resistance, but also easy to assemble and maintain.

Glashütte utilizes silicon technology for maximum accuracy

The high-precision timepiece in the tradition of tabulation in Saxon defines Glashütte's original self-measurement. As in the past, today, this supreme ideal is still an inexhaustible source of innovation: it is the first time a brand has been equipped with an innovative silky hairspring for the movement. This high-tech material not only allows ultra-fine hairspring temperature and magnetic fields will not be affected, and achieve high oscillation isochronism. These advantages complement the mechanics of the movement: a two-way winding mechanism ensures that the watch stays in its optimum power range; this is a guarantee of excellent speed. In addition, the oscillation system without the corrector contributed to the possibility of adjusting the speed directly with the counterweight screw on the balance wheel rim. Glashütteo originally calibrated and calibrated the movement in six positions - one more than the usual requirements of the Hong Kong Observatory Table Accreditation Test - the new accuracy standard for Glashütte-Strasse.

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Glashutte has more than 100 hours of power reserve

In the watchmaking industry, "time" inevitably plays an important role - even when the goal is to ensure the longest "run-time" possible. With a frequency of 4 hertz (28,800 vibrations per hour) and a power reserve of more than 100 hours, this new movement is the first of its kind in Glashutte and is truly rare. Therefore, the wearer can chain continuously for 4 days without resetting the time. This extra long power reserve can be achieved because the movement uses only one barrel specifically designed for this purpose: an increase in diameter and a reduction in the barrel shaft allow the length of the spring to increase and significantly increase Chain number. This gives the wearer the greatest comfort, but also a true example of modern watchmaking.

Glashütte decoration and decoration

As a pure Glashütte watchmaking achievements, this new movement proudly show the world its inner beauty. Therefore, through the bottom of the sapphire crystal glass back cover can be seen immediately Glashutte decorative and structural features: unique three-quarter plywood and hollow automatic Tuo, elegant rib pattern, pearl pattern polished, blue steel screws As well as the wheel and automatic Tuo orbital crafted decoration. Another clever highlight is the elegant, hand-wound chain - designed to give the watch a handy chain when exposed manually.

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Glashütte Classic New Yen Yen: Members of Excellence watch

The Caliber 36 self-winding movement makes its debut on a classic series that is "perfect match." With its minimalist design, the parliamentary Excellence of Wristwatch reflects the pure nature of Glashütte original. The slim bezel and arched sapphire crystal with anti-reflective coating on the front and back provide excellent visibility and give the watch a clean, elegant look. Beautiful ribbed crown with the trademark "Double G" logo, all mechanical watches in the series with this logo. Case polishing and satin matte surface light and shade intertwined, perfect match.

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The hour, minute and second hands rotate further on the elegant, understated dial, highlighting the essence of the watch: the newly designed dial features typical Roman numerals at 6 and 12 o'clock, Marked out of space. As a result, members of Excellence watch a new look: open, elegant, modern fashion.

There are three styles to choose from: two of the watches feature a light silver cream-painted finish dial and a laser-cut, black-plated hour-mark and the corresponding orbital minute ring. The stainless steel models feature a beautiful black laser-cut plating minute figures inspired by antique pocket-watches, while the red figures are printed in red glow. The slim pear-shaped hands and silver-gold second hand make the time clear and legible. The black Louisiana crocodile leather strap with pin buckle assures the wearer comfort.

The third watch is reminiscent of Glashütte watchmaking model: the famous watch. The watch is made of stainless steel case, with black dial and beautiful curve appearance Arabic numerals. The wide-area use of Super-LumiNova luminescent materials ensures the best readability of the watch in less-than-light conditions: this luminous glow is applied to the slender white gold hands, the seconds-shaped arrows' tops and the hour-markers Material, to ensure the clarity of the dark. The white orbital minute ring and the 5-minute hour marker form yet another contrast. The black calf leather strap with a pin-buckle enhances the beauty of this contrast - in short, the beauty of sheer watchmaking comes into its own.

This article is reproduced, does not represent the world position of million table.

TAG Heuer Tiger Hau Accra Calera Heuer-02T COSC Swiss official observatory certification Automatic winding tourbillon chronograph
Carrera Heuer-02T, the Swiss pioneer watch brand TAG Heuer, designed and manufactured by the Calera Heuer-01 automatic chronograph released only six months later, Carrara Heuer-02T glory debut again. This automatic chronograph by COSC Swiss official observatory testing agency certification, equipped with titanium and carbon fiber floating tourbillon.


TAG Heuer Tag Heuer Carrera Heuer-02T is TAG Heuer TAG Heuer number of watches in the most approachable and yet luxurious. This new pricing is attractive, leading the new trend in the senior watchmaking. Avant-garde technology, exemplary quality, outstanding performance, superb manufacturing skills and the perfect control of industrial processes and manufacturing costs make this watch stand out among many brands, the Carla La Heuer-02T is the only 15,000-Swiss franc grade with COSC Certified self-winding tourbillon chronograph. Black Phantom Edition sells for 19,900 Swiss francs, limited edition collection of 250, each engraved with an independent number.

Inspired by the Calera CH-80 chronograph, the TAG Heuer TAG Heuer-02T is a perfect blend of two of the most well-known in the traditional watchmaking complex: TAG Heuer Chronograph, and a tourbillon with a pleasing look.

TAG Heuer Tiger Hau Accra Calera Heuer-02T COSC Swiss official observatory certification Automatic winding tourbillon chronograph

At 4 Hertz and 28,800 vibrations per hour, the single-barrel, multi-chronograph, self-winding device and floating tourbillon were all housed in a case of only 32 mm in diameter while ensuring that the various timing discs Reasonable layout to give the watch stylish, with a balanced appearance of the beauty of this watch has become the biggest technical challenge.

In order to solve this technical problem, TAG Heuer has designed a new industrial framework in particular to optimize its watch assembly process at its Chevenez factory. Its lightweight tourbillon, crafted by four watchmakers with superb craftsmanship, is inspired by the Monaco V4, with titanium in the center and carbon on the top, providing a power reserve of more than 65 hours for the watch.

All installation, assembly and commissioning work is done by hand. The main components are manufactured by the TAG Heuer TAG Heuer factory, and the tourbillon core, the balance spring, is manufactured by the brand Swiss partner Atokalpa.

TAG Heuer Tiger Hau Accra Calera Heuer-02T COSC Swiss official observatory certification Automatic winding tourbillon chronograph

Each watch must be rigorously tested 21 days prior to shipment, of which all movements are certified by the COSC Swiss official observatory test facility, independent testing organization, to ensure that this watch meets the highest accuracy standards when worn.

New case equipped with extraordinary movement. This movement is made of 5 titanium alloy, lightweight material, stronger shock resistance, while using the unusual structure - a total of 12 modular components. This design greatly broadens the possibilities of combinations, enabling unlimited combinations of materials, colors, finishes and sanding. Black crocodile leather strap lined with natural rubber, perfect for TAG Heuer TAG Heuer exquisite yet very dynamic landmark appearance. Waterproof up to 100 meters.

Since its founding in early 1860, TAG Heuer has been a leader in Swiss watchmaking. "Avant-garde" has been deeply integrated into the brand culture and philosophy, a brand philosophy. TAG Heuer The Tiger Heuer-02T Tourbillon chronograph is the perfect interpretation of the brand's unwavering focus and continuous innovation.

technical details

TAG Heuer Tiger Hau Accra Calera Heuer-02T COSC Swiss official observatory certification Automatic winding tourbillon chronograph

Number: CAR5A8Y.FC6377 (non-limited edition)

CAR5A8Z.FC6377 (Black Phantom Edition - Limited Edition 250)

Case: 45 mm in diameter.

5 grade titanium alloy including 12 modular parts (lugs, case body, bezel, caseback, crown and trim lines, buttons, washer between case body and bezel, and sapphire crystal glass Table mirror)

Black titanium bezel with speedometer scale

Steel crown with rubber trim

Movement: TAG Heuer HEUER-02T, brand homemade movement

Black hollow plate bridge

Automatic timing device, with COSC certified tourbillon

Black column wheel, the new hollow Tuo and timer Banqiao

Tourbillon frame with carbon and titanium

Power reserve more than 65 hours

Dial: black, hollow, with two timing plates:

The minute counter at 3 o'clock

Hour counter at 9 o'clock

Polished and Satin Bar Markers

Polished and satin pointers with SuperLuminova ™ luminous details

Waterproof depth: 100 meters

Strap: Matte black alligator strap lined with natural rubber, with a color button with safety suture folding clasp



This article is reprinted from the table family, if you have any questions, please send an email to to contact us.

Time ceremony three manual winding mechanical watch recommended
What is a ritual? The fox in the "Little Prince" said the ritual was "to distinguish one day from the other and to make one moment different from the other." In the early morning of winter, the sun shines on the floor window and has not been immersed in your teacup. Later on, you may have more than a dozen e-mails to reply. There may be several cities to run or maybe a few important people See, but in any case, at this moment, you will choose to stop at the window, quietly dial the crown, is the ceremony for the start of the new day. This ceremony has been going on for hundreds of years. Every moment of the day is different from other moments. You are quiet and self-reliant, and you seem to have the answer to everything.

Jaeger-LeCoultre enamel ultra-thin master 1907 series Q12935E1 watch


Watch diameter: 39 mm

Watch thickness: 5 mm

Movement Type: Manual Machinery

Case material: 18K white gold

Waterproof depth: 30 meters

Watch details: http://

Watch Comments: Select manually winding watches are often read the old, this watch is to commemorate the Jaeger-LeCoultre to celebrate its 180th anniversary and meticulously designed to watch the craft masters watch full of passionate artistic creation tribute. 18K white gold case with a very simple and neat white enamel dial, lines hour scale clearly arranged on the dial above the atmosphere. This hand-wound mechanical movement is the Jaeger-LeCoulme 849 caliber, consisting of 123 parts, each providing over 35 hours of power storage. Hand-wound to give it 5mm thin shell thickness, matte black crocodile leather strap to bring its low-key but without losing the quality of temperament.

Breguet CLASSIQUE classic series 5287BR / 12 / 9ZU watch


Domestic price: 392,400 yuan

Watch diameter: 42.5 mm

Movement Type: Manual Machinery

Case material: 18K rose gold

Waterproof depth: 30 meters

Watch details: http://

Watch Comments: Breguet CLASSIQUE classic series is also a series of tribute to the master, inspired by Abraham - Louis • Breguet elegant lines, showing a clear design style. This manual winding watch is a chronograph, silver plated dial with a second-second hand display, set the small seconds at 9 o'clock position, 3 o'clock position set 30-minute integral disk, the digital ring with speed outside the display. This watch is back through the back design, through the sapphire crystal glass mirror, you can see the movement to provide 48 hours of power storage movement.

Lange Grand Lange 1 Series 139.032 watch


Domestic price: 345,000 yuan

Watch diameter: 41 mm

Watch thickness: 9.5 mm

Movement Type: Manual Machinery

Case material: 18K rose gold

Watch details: http://

Watch Comments: Lange this manually winding watch with eccentric main dial, second stop seconds function, the upper half of the main dial with a diameter of 14.3 mm moon phase plate, the upper right position to set a large calendar display , The lower right position set small seconds, there is right power reserve instructions. This watch has gold, platinum, rose gold three optional case, with different colors crocodile leather strap, watch equipped with Loncin homemade L095.3 internal movement, providing 72 hours power storage.

To conclude: If you have not stopped listening for a long time, then your life needs some ritual to taste. Pointers a circle of rotation, the passage of time, manual winding may be replaced by automatic winding, but the process of meditation and introspection, but can never be replaced.


This article is reprinted from the watch house, if you have any questions, please send an email to to contact us.

[Pre 2017 SIHH] bright aesthetics! RD king series of self-winding watch


▲ This Roger Dubuis Excalibur Essential 36 Automatic self-winding watch

Is one of three watches RD will debut at SIHH 2017

The king series of shining light

SIHH Geneva Haute Horlogerie & Wrocade 2017 has been slowly approaching, Rogger Dubuis Roger Dubi launched the new three king series, these three informal practices, breaking the conventional King of Excalibur series timepieces, with the traditional retrograde deconstruction techniques - cut Split, Split, Disrupt, Offset - to play a wonderful prelude and to watchmaking technology and aesthetics opened up a new road.

As one of the three models the RD introduced for the SIHH 2017, this limited edition of 28 Excalibur Essential 36 Automatic self-winding watches is complemented by a bold black DLC titanium case and a set of 48 blue Sapphire bezel, radiant dazzling temperament. These splendid shining gems symbolize ice and fire as well as the sublime gloss of the blue PVD coated dial and the sparkling glimmer of brushed sun lines on the disk.

This elegant and exquisite Excalibur series of small watches with a variety of forms of the series features: the bezel bezel, three forked lugs, as well as radial Roman numerals on the dial. These Roman numerals were "interrupted" by the small second chronograph ring set at 6 o'clock, creating another taste. In addition, the circle also has a very low profile simple but legible date display. 36 mm diameter case for both men and women are the appropriate wear size.

The watch's RD830 movement carries a unique 22K rose gold pendulum, its wonderful operation by the transparent sapphire crystal glass back cover to show, and to ensure that the watch has a 48-hour power reserve. Blue pure crocodile leather strap with a DLC coated titanium folding clasp, the perfect complement to the elegance of the watch.

[Pre 2017 SIHH] bright aesthetics! RD king series of self-winding watches; self-winding; Excalibur; ROGER DUBUIS; Roger Dubuis; RD

▲ This watch has a blue PVD coating, cool color tone has a lot of flavor

[Pre 2017 SIHH] bright aesthetics! RD king series of self-winding watches; self-winding; Excalibur; ROGER DUBUIS; Roger Dubuis; RD

▲ This watch's bezel inlaid diamonds, with a sucker wire drawing sun, the watch seems to be more dazzling under this background

Technical Information

Movement

RD830 self-winding movement

Function: Hour, minute display

Decoration: carbon gray splint, Geneva ripple (Côtes de Genève) decoration, gold swing Tuo

Parts: 183 pieces

Gems: 27

Diameter: 111/2 points

Thickness: 4 mm

Vibration: 4 Hz (28,800 vibrations per hour)

Power reserve: 48 hours

Case

Table diameter: 36 mm

Material: DLC titanium metal

The bezel encrusted 48 blue sapphires weighing about 1.5 carats

Waterproof: 50 meters

Strap: Blue pure crocodile leather strap

Clasp: DLC titanium adjustable folding clasp

Production: 28 pieces


This article is reprinted from the world's high-quality goods, if you have any questions, please send an email to to contact us.

Self-winding device (on)

Mechanical watch winding kinetic energy storage, but the barrel space is limited, how to maintain a steady stream of energy without having to manually on the chain, since the pocket watch era is already watchmaker wants to solve the problem, not to mention through Automatic winding can always keep the spring in a stable state of kinetic energy, is also very helpful for the precision of the time. 1770 Switzerland's Abraham-Louis Perrelet invented the self-winding pocket watch, which was designed to rotate the 360-degree rotation of the self-drive sprocket system, close to today's common design, but the pocket watch is in the pocket, unlike Watch can often with the action of the hands of the transformation point of view on the chain, and when the design is not perfect, even after a few years Breguet modified into a pendulum-type automatic disc, did not popularize.

It was not until the 1920s that the watch's self-winding device was once again valued. The British watchmaker John Harwood invented the hammer-type self-winding system in 1924. After the 1930s, various designs that seemed so novel now One after another, the best of them are the Rolex designs that auto-rotate 360-degree rotation and are now the most common type of self-winding.

After a few decades, one after another new invention, but most are not practical, there are a few brands in use and the results are good, the best known is IWC's "Woodpecker", Seiko's "magic lever" and treasure in recent years Ring self-winding device used by Zeillie. The principle of similar self-winding will not be much worse, but there are many changes in a variety of movement, this article first describes the basic principle of modern self-winding and more common steering device, next to introduce the hook on the Chains and other rare antiques and modern designs.

Self-winding device (on); Rolex; Perrelet; self-winding; IWC

▲ Perrelet automatic pocket watch
From the back and side you can see quite thick automatic plate, if the light from the appearance of view, then, and the modern design is not very different.

Basic operation and power source

We first ET A2451 (2824 predecessor) as a reference to explain the terms of the self-winding components, as shown in the figure: 1 automatic disc, 2 automatic wheel, 3 and 4 form a number of automatic wheel (auxiliary steering wheel), 5 and 6 composed of automatic two rounds (steering wheel), 7 automatic three rounds (deceleration wheel), and 8 automatic four round (on the sprocket), 9 large drum, 10 barrel. 3-6 can also be collectively referred to as the steering wheel, the role is that the automatic disc clockwise, counterclockwise rotation of the opposite force into the same direction for winding action.

Although the automatic plate is heavy, but usually more torque torsion, not easy to directly on the chain, and the deceleration wheel and the upper part of the sprocket also has a layer of pinion, so you can adjust the gear ratio, so that the rapid rotation of the gear output Larger torque for smooth winding. The fixed way of automatic disc basically has the ball-type and axial-type bearings as shown in the figure, the ball-type is more flexible in general, but the Rolex axis type also received a high rating, the structure of the final or to the machine The overall design of the core may be. In the above structure, the steering wheel design is more complex and interesting, the following for everyone to introduce two common steering structure.

Self-winding device (on); Rolex; Perrelet; self-winding; IWC

▲ ETA 2451 self-winding diagram
1 to 10 for the transfer of energy from the automatic disk to the barrel process, the key is the 3,4 coaxial and 5,6 coaxial two sets of steering wheel.

Self-winding device (on); Rolex; Perrelet; self-winding; IWC

▲ ETA2451 two-way winding steering wheel group
The basic structure of two steering wheels in the picture is composed of upper and lower two layers of gear, the upper layer is engaged with the automatic wheel, the lower layer is engaged with each other.

Self-winding device (on); Rolex; Perrelet; self-winding; IWC

Axial bearings
This is the IWC 80000-type movement of the automatic disk suspension seat, the arrow refers to the bearing, automatic disk sleeve bearing, you can freely rotate.

Self-winding device (on); Rolex; Perrelet; self-winding; IWC

▲ ball bearings
Arrow refers to the ball at the ball bearings within the other than outside, the two together. Bearing fixed, automatic disc can be rotated.

Ratchet steering wheel

Ratchet structure refers to the control gear can only do one-way design, so as to allow automatic disk side idling, while the other side of the chain. Take the unidirectional winding ETA 7750 as an example, the steering wheel B can be divided into upper gear, ratchet, lower gear and axis pinion from top to bottom, and can be rotated in the reverse direction with the upper gear, Therefore, it is only transmitted to the reduction gear C if the automatic disk (dismounted, the shaft is in the A position) is rotated in the up-chain direction. In the case of two-way winding, the same as the ETA 2451, plus an auxiliary steering wheel.

The brand of ratchet structure is slightly different, but the principle remains the same, through Rolex's design to understand; Red wheel has a ratchet and two sets of internal pawl, ratchet and shaft pinion, and pawl and red wheel When the red wheel rotates counterclockwise, the ratchet pawls the ratchet wheel and the ratchet wheel slides in the opposite direction. Therefore, no matter how the auto disc rotates, the pinion shaft that drives the reduction wheel can only rotate anticlockwise to wind up the chain. Two red wheels side by side, it will achieve the effect of two-way winding. Omega's 1045 caliber is a simpler method, with only one-way energy-reducible wheels.

Self-winding device (on); Rolex; Perrelet; self-winding; IWC

▲ ETA 7750 one-way winding steering wheel
Steering wheel B can be seen as a multi-layer structure, the lower gear slightly larger than the upper gear, two wheels can vaguely see the ratchet device.

Self-winding device (on); Rolex; Perrelet; self-winding; IWC

▲ OMEGA 1045 one-way winding movement
Axial bearings through a number of automatic wheel B, with the automatic disc on the pawl A, B can only be one-way rotation on the chain.

Self-winding device (on); Rolex; Perrelet; self-winding; IWC

▲ Rolex ratchet structure
A. Ratchet, B. Pawl, C. Axle pinion, D automatic wheel, automatic wheel only with a red wheel contact. The other red wheel has the same structure.

Self-winding device (on); Rolex; Perrelet; self-winding; IWC

Rolex two-way self-winding wheel system
A. fixed axial bearing lock, B. automatic wheel, C. deceleration wheel, C axis pinion, in order to drive the next gear.


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RICHARD MILLE Launches RM 11-03 Self-winding Flyback Chronograph
Style remodeling is always essential in the production cycle of any piece. This requires the watch must be able to maintain its vitality at the same time, with the brand's own style of natural fusion. The RM 011 series, launched in 2007 by Richard Mille, is about to retire in glory and will continue to be carried by the newly built RM 11-03 self-winding fly-back chronograph.


The Richard Mille philosophy gives the RMAC3 a self-winding, 3-D three-dimensional design and presents the most intuitive visual experience of the complex structure. The gorgeous beveled edges give the watch a deep feel, the colorful fly-back chronograph dial and second hand display window show around the central time. Impact of this magnitude can still be reflected in the upper deck, which is made of a polished grade 5 titanium alloy in sharp contrast to the same titanium alloy but PVD-coated movement. Coupled with a large calendar display calendar, 12 hours flyback timer cumulative countdown and countdown function, this RM 11-03 self-winding flyback chronograph to bring a visual feast for the wearer.

The back of the movement is still a maze of complex structures. The polished and PVD-coated bridge highlights the double barrel mechanism and the newly designed 5-level titanium alloy variable geometry auto disc is stylish with an inspiration inspired by the aerodynamic components of the Formula One racing car . This technology, exclusive to Richard Mille, adjusts the watch's self-winding speed to the wearer's activity. Two 18K white gold wipers, sandblasted and polished, adjust the inertia of the auto disc. Fixed on the ceramic ball bearings on the 5-level automatic titanium plate after polishing and PVD coating to provide 6 optional locations for service centers based on the wearer's habits to determine the balance of the most suitable location.

Thanks to the newly equipped RMAC3 self-winding movement, the excellent performance of the RM 11-03 self-winding fly-back chronograph is fully protected. The entire fly-back chronograph movement is designed for precision timing and the Grade 5 Titanium alloy plate and bridge ensure high-performance operation of the gear unit. Side-by-side double winding design to ensure stability, it also provides up to nearly 55 hours of extra long power reserve. The 4 Hz variable inertia balance wheel has better shock resistance and is more accurate than the traditional balance wheel.

Three-tier case has been redesigned to maintain the original style of the watch, but also add a bit of fashion and vitality, so watch a full sense of movement. Exquisite craftsmanship and countless production processes bring great comfort and perfect polishing effect, creating a watch case unique case. The surface is completely polished by hand, beautiful and meticulous, time-consuming. Originally on the RM 27-01 Rafael Nadal watch, this form factor has now become a distinctive hallmark of the Richard Mille sports watch. In addition to a clear distinction between casual watches, this design can also greatly facilitate the integration of the structure.

There are many details on the RM 11-03 that are reminiscent of the car's elements. The unique design of the 5-level titanium crown stems from the racing rim and tire tread. The grooved button material is reminiscent of the racing pedal surface, and the material is equal to the common use of titanium in Formula One racing: NTPT carbon fiber. As Richard Mille has always been the tradition, the whole structure of the RM 11-03 bits and pieces are surprising, such as the use of sapphire crystal dial, after anti-glare treatment, just to show the complexity of the movement. RM 11-03 The entire case is assembled from 20 pieces of 5 grade titanium alloy spline screws, a total of three kinds of red, platinum and titanium alloy models.


The design of the fly back chronograph has been inspired by the automotive industry. This is a comprehensive sports watch, proudly interpreting the latest aesthetics of Richard Mille. The watch will be officially unveiled at the third Richard Mille Chantilly Antique & Elegant Antique Auto Show on September 4.

RM 11-03 self-winding fly back chronograph technical specifications

RMAC3 Movement: Self-winding hollow movement, adjustable geometry dial, hour, minute and second display, fly-back timing, 60-minute timer at 9 o'clock, 60-hour accumulator, oversized calendar and month display Window, variable geometry automatic plate.

Size: 49.94 x 44.50 x 16.15 mm

Main features:

Power reserve:

About 55 hours (± 10%), the actual duration of power reserve depends on the chronograph continuous operation time and operating status.

Grade 5 titanium plate and bridge:

The plate and bridge plate are polished with 5-grade titanium alloy. The material is a biocompatible material and is a hard alloy with strong anti-corrosion ability to ensure perfect gear operation. The composition of the alloy is 90% grade 5 titanium alloy, 6% aluminum and 4% vanadium. This combination further enhances the mechanical properties of the material and explains why the material is widely used in the aerospace and automotive industries.

Optimized RMAC3 movement of the board has excellent weight and anti-external force ratio advantage.

Hollow design of the substrate and the bridge after a high degree of integrity of the test, optimizing the anti-external force performance.

Fly back to time:

Pressing the button between 4 o'clock and 5 o'clock will return the chronograph hands to zero without stopping the machine in advance.

Originally designed for pilots, the device aims to prevent pilots from wasting time (at the same time losing accuracy) as stopping, returning to zero and restarting the chronograph as it traverses the navigation point. When the chronograph function is activated, hours and minutes are displayed by the chronograph at 6 o'clock and 9 o'clock respectively, while the seconds are indicated by the center hand.

Operation mode:

The wearer can start or stop the chronograph function by a button between 1 o'clock and 2 o'clock. Press the button located between 4 o'clock and 5 o'clock, repeat flyback function at any time as you want.

Large calendar display

Half-momentary state, the horizontal window is located below 12 o'clock, automatically adjust the date of the big moon Satsuki.

Month shows:

Semi-instantaneous state, through the Arabic numerals between 4 o'clock and 5 o'clock.

Variable inertia balance wheel:

This balance wheel is a major technological innovation. Can effectively improve the watch to withstand vibration, movement assembly, the reliability of demolition, to maintain the accuracy of the watch, and with long-term stability.

Trimmer removed. With four adjustable small weights, the inertia of the balance can be repeated and more finely adjusted.

Variable geometry automatic plate:

-5 grade titanium central gold frame

-18K white gold hammer

- 6-position adjustment via 5-grade titanium screws

-18K Platinum Wings

- Ceramic ball bearings

- One-way counterclockwise winding

The autorotate is an exclusive design by Richard Mille that features automatic adjustment of the self-winding function to the wearer's level of exercise, such as intenseness. By selecting the adjustment wing position, you can change the degree of inertia of the auto disc. As wearer slowed the pace of arm movement, the speed of the chain is accelerated, such as the wearer is an athlete, the chain speed is slowed down. In this way, the movement of the chain device can be based on the wearer's lifestyle to achieve the best personalized adjustment.

Double barrel device:

To improve long-term torque stability. As the number of gear turns increases, the pressure and friction on the gear sets, bearings and pivots decrease and performance increases.

Movement using 5 titanium alloy gold spline screws:

Use this type of screw to better control the screw tightening torque during assembly. In addition, these screws are unaffected by the assembly and disassembly processes and do not age.

Montblanc releases the new Baoxi calendar self-winding watch
Since its debut in 2014, the Montblanc Bao Xi series watches have become the best interpretation of the eternal elegance of women, the new Montblanc Bao Xi series calendar self-winding watch is no exception. This new work, with its easy-to-handle and practical features, the excellent design of Manfu Poetry and the exquisite craftsmanship, pays tribute to the high-end Swiss watchmaking tradition and presents the elegant and refined modern beauty of women.


The new Montblanc Bao Xi series calendar self-winding watch equipped with Montblanc MB 24.27 self-winding mechanical movement, the classic blue steel hands indicate hour, minute and second, at the six o'clock position of a unique oval window shows the date. Exquisite design and dial the smooth arc perfect fusion, interpretation of the Po Xi series iconic style.

Centrally beautiful dial dial engraved with guillemot 90 ripple, at the same time with elegant guilloche rippled trim, arabesque Arabic numerals and plated rose gold dot minute scale, beautiful and elegant details of the senior watch into the soft and elegant Female fashion.

The timepiece with 34 mm diameter stainless steel case, matching the lugs harmonious, and with a transparent sapphire crystal back, a glimpse of the movement of precision operation. Bezel set with 72 top Wesselton diamonds, weighing about 0.533 karats, this ladies watch more elegant and mature charm.

Montblanc Bao Xi calendar calendar series with automatic replacement can be easily replaced black crocodile leather strap, without any tools, just press the button will be able to replace the strap. Replace the strap as easy as dressups, simple and convenient, so that women will be happy to create their own fashion taste. Another steel bracelet to choose from.

Travis Fermillion wearing a Montblanc Star classic self-winding watch attends the premiere

Director Rebecca Miller's latest movie, Maggie's Plan, held a grand premiere in New York with a co-star team and lead starring the film starring Australian actor Travis · Travis Fimmel wearing the Montblanc star classic self-winding watch attended the

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